Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to design and analyse advanced microstrip antennas operating at 28 GHz, focusing on improving gain and bandwidth to meet the requirements of fifth-generation (5G) applications.
Materials and Methods: The antenna designs were implemented and analysed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The research began with a single patch antenna as a baseline model. Subsequent designs incorporated director elements above the patch and reflector elements below it to enhance performance. Further improvements were achieved by developing a 1×2 array antenna, where patch elements were supported by Yagi structures. Finally, a 1×4 array antenna was designed using the Corporate Series Feeding technique to ensure optimal power distribution among elements.
Results: The single patch antenna provided fundamental performance characteristics. Adding director and reflector elements resulted in a significant increase in gain and bandwidth. The 1×2 array design further improved these parameters, demonstrating broader frequency coverage. The final 1×4 array antenna achieved the highest gain and widest bandwidth among all designs, confirming its suitability for high-performance 5G applications.
Conclusion: The progressive design approach demonstrated that integrating director, reflector, and array configurations substantially enhances antenna performance. The proposed 1×4 array antenna, optimised with Corporate Series Feeding, provides superior gain and bandwidth, making it a strong candidate for next-generation wireless communication systems.